Ear infections, including those in your outer, middle or inner ear.
Tinnitus, or ringing in your ears.
Dizziness, a feeling of unbalance which often results from inner ear disorders.
Vertigo. Different from dizziness, vertigo is when you have a sensation that your surroundings are spinning.
Ruptured eardrum, or a hole in your tympanic membrane.
Eustachian tube dysfunction, when the tubes that connect your middle ears to your upper throat become blocked.
Otosclerosis, or abnormal bone growth in your middle ear.
Ménière’s disease, a rare inner ear disorder that affects your hearing and sense of balance.
Hearing loss, which can range from mild to severe.

Common nose conditions that otolaryngologists treat include:

Sinusitis, which is inflammation or infection of your sinuses (air passages around your nose and forehead that drain mucus).
Allergies, which can result from pollen, pet dander or other environmental irritants.
Rhinitis, or inflammation of the mucus membranes that line your nose.
Nosebleeds, which may result from infections, allergies or trauma, among other things.
Postnasal drip, which happens when excess mucus builds up and drips down the back of your throat.
Deviated septum, a condition in which your septum (the cartilage that separates your nasal cavity) is off-center.
Nasal polyps, which are noncancerous growths common in people with chronic allergies, asthma or sinus infections.
Nasal and paranasal tumors. Tumors inside your nose may be cancerous or noncancerous.

Otolaryngologists also treat throat conditions, including:

Sore throat, which may result from infections, allergies or exposure to certain irritants.
Tonsillitis, or infection of your tonsils.
Laryngitis, or swelling of your voice box.
Swallowing issues. Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) may result from a condition in your mouth, throat or esophagus.
Vocal cord conditions, including vocal nodules, vocal cord dysfunction or vocal cord paralysis.

Otolaryngologists commonly treat sleep-related conditions, including:

Snoring. Severe snoring can occur when the soft tissues in your upper airway relax too much during sleep. When air moves through these narrowed tissues, it results in loud vibrations.
Obstructive sleep apnea. This type of sleep apnea happens as a result of relaxed tissues in your airway. Your airway can narrow or close off completely, leading to apneic episodes (where you temporarily stop breathing during sleep).

Otolaryngologists can surgically treat head and neck tumors (both cancerous and noncancerous). Examples include:

Hemangiomas. These noncancerous growths contain extra blood vessels. Anyone can get hemangiomas, but they’re most common in newborn babies.
Salivary gland tumors, which may be cancerous or noncancerous.
Oral cancer, the most common form of head and neck cancer. It can affect your lips, inner cheeks, tongue and floor or roof of your mouth.
Oropharyngeal cancer, which affects the middle part of your throat. The most common type of oropharyngeal cancer is squamous cell carcinoma.
Laryngeal cancer, which affects your larynx (voice box).
Nasopharyngeal cancer, which affects your nasopharynx — the upper part of your throat that connects your nose to the rest of your respiratory system.
Thyroid cancer, which affects your thyroid gland. Your thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland in your neck that makes hormones.